SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    1572, 1574, 1592, 1576, 1586, 1593, 1562, 
    1571, 3049, 1575, 3046, 1563, 1588, 
    1570, 3053, 1565, 1569, 3055, 1566, 
    3026, 3016, 3033, 1580, 3039
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.00245

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "90.81"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "range",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "pt",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 106,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 106,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "index_condition": "(`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (1572,1574,1592,1576,1586,1593,1562,1571,3049,1575,3046,1563,1588,1570,3053,1565,1569,3055,1566,3026,3016,3033,1580,3039))",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "43.11",
              "eval_cost": "10.60",
              "prefix_cost": "53.71",
              "data_read_per_join": "1K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4.cscart_products_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 5,
            "filtered": "5.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "26.50",
              "eval_cost": "0.53",
              "prefix_cost": "90.81",
              "data_read_per_join": "16K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "storefront_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id category_ids
1562 411,405,402,342,328,166,363M
1563 411,405,402,342,328,166,363M
1565 411,405,402,342,328,166,363M
1566 404,402,328,166,341M
1569 411,405,402,342,328,166,363M
1570 402,411,405,342,328,166,363M
1571 410,405,402,342,328,166,362M
1572 410,405,402,342,328,166,362M
1574 410,405,402,342,328,166,362M
1575 410,405,402,342,328,166,362M
1576 410,405,402,342,328,166,362M
1580 404,402,328,166,341M
1586 409,402,328,166,366M
1588 410,405,402,342,328,166,362M
1592 410,405,402,342,328,166,362M
1593 410,405,402,342,328,166,362M
3016 329,166
3026 329,166,344M
3033 320,166,469M
3039 166,320,469M
3046 234,166,470M
3049 166,234,470M
3053 234,166,470M
3055 166,234,470M