SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    2522, 2719, 2728, 3021, 3022, 3385, 3386, 
    3593, 3594, 3373, 4124, 4125, 5861, 
    5860, 6041, 6042, 6043, 6044, 6045, 
    6046, 6047
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.00213

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "51.66"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "range",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "pt",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 58,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 58,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "index_condition": "(`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (2522,2719,2728,3021,3022,3385,3386,3593,3594,3373,4124,4125,5861,5860,6041,6042,6043,6044,6045,6046,6047))",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "25.56",
              "eval_cost": "5.80",
              "prefix_cost": "31.36",
              "data_read_per_join": "928"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4.cscart_products_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 2,
            "filtered": "5.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "14.50",
              "eval_cost": "0.29",
              "prefix_cost": "51.66",
              "data_read_per_join": "9K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "storefront_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id category_ids
2522 423,424,452,166M
2719 423,424,450,166M
2728 423,424,450,166M
3021 329,166,344M
3022 166,329,344M
3373 329,166,344M
3385 423,424,450,166M
3386 423,424,450,166M
3593 329,166,457M
3594 166,329,457M
4124 329,166,344M
4125 166,329,344M
5860 572,372,582M
5861 372,572,582M
6041 423,166,585M
6042 423,166,585M
6043 423,166,585M
6044 423,166,585M
6045 423,166,585M
6046 423,166,585M
6047 166,423,585M