SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    4119, 4120, 4121, 4122, 4123, 4130, 4131, 
    4132, 4250, 4207, 4251, 4196, 4347, 
    4348, 4349, 4350, 4454, 4456, 4457, 
    4458, 4466, 4467, 4468, 4561, 4560, 
    4637, 4636, 4635
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.00155

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "62.21"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "range",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "pt",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 69,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 69,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "index_condition": "(`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (4119,4120,4121,4122,4123,4130,4131,4132,4250,4207,4251,4196,4347,4348,4349,4350,4454,4456,4457,4458,4466,4467,4468,4561,4560,4637,4636,4635))",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "31.16",
              "eval_cost": "6.90",
              "prefix_cost": "38.06",
              "data_read_per_join": "1K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4.cscart_products_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 3,
            "filtered": "5.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "17.25",
              "eval_cost": "0.35",
              "prefix_cost": "62.21",
              "data_read_per_join": "10K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "storefront_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id category_ids
4119 513,166,517M
4120 513,166,517M
4121 513,166,517M
4122 513,166,517M
4123 513,166,517M
4130 513,166,514M
4131 513,166,514M
4132 513,166,514M
4196 513,166,517M
4207 513,166,514M
4250 513,166,514M
4251 513,166,517M
4347 513,166,514M
4348 166,513,514M
4349 166,513,514M
4350 513,166,514M
4454 513,166,514M
4456 166,513,514M
4457 513,166,514M
4458 166,513,514M
4466 513,166,515M
4467 513,166,515M
4468 513,166,515M
4560 513,166,516M
4561 166,513,516M
4635 513,166,515M
4636 513,166,515M
4637 513,166,515M