SELECT 
  category_id, 
  parent_id 
FROM 
  cscart_categories 
WHERE 
  parent_id IN(
    379, 323, 321, 235, 356, 415, 414, 357, 
    360, 344, 601, 190, 341, 527, 362, 450, 
    167, 381, 514, 609, 352, 326, 325, 324, 
    432, 358, 613, 429, 361, 602, 337, 610, 
    515, 363, 342, 424, 382, 451, 353, 236, 
    443, 339, 340, 430, 343, 452, 383, 603, 
    425, 234, 516, 544, 483, 469, 471, 354, 
    505, 559, 526, 359, 486, 604, 320, 170, 
    426, 517, 174, 322, 364, 355, 490, 528, 
    614, 470, 567, 605, 399, 518, 446, 529, 
    506, 444, 606, 457, 648, 328, 448, 366, 
    525, 530, 532, 449, 477, 608, 347, 329, 
    438, 519, 531, 481, 607, 492, 520, 350, 
    585, 351, 586, 523, 524, 543, 657, 378, 
    564, 589, 513, 423, 600
  ) 
  AND category_id != 264

Query time 0.00261

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "37.54"
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_categories",
      "access_type": "ALL",
      "possible_keys": [
        "PRIMARY",
        "parent",
        "p_category_id"
      ],
      "rows_examined_per_scan": 347,
      "rows_produced_per_join": 178,
      "filtered": "51.59",
      "cost_info": {
        "read_cost": "19.64",
        "eval_cost": "17.90",
        "prefix_cost": "37.54",
        "data_read_per_join": "560K"
      },
      "used_columns": [
        "category_id",
        "parent_id"
      ],
      "attached_condition": "((`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_categories`.`parent_id` in (379,323,321,235,356,415,414,357,360,344,601,190,341,527,362,450,167,381,514,609,352,326,325,324,432,358,613,429,361,602,337,610,515,363,342,424,382,451,353,236,443,339,340,430,343,452,383,603,425,234,516,544,483,469,471,354,505,559,526,359,486,604,320,170,426,517,174,322,364,355,490,528,614,470,567,605,399,518,446,529,506,444,606,457,648,328,448,366,525,530,532,449,477,608,347,329,438,519,531,481,607,492,520,350,585,351,586,523,524,543,657,378,564,589,513,423,600)) and (`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_categories`.`category_id` <> 264))"
    }
  }
}