SELECT 
  cscart_product_prices.product_id, 
  MIN(
    IF(
      cscart_product_prices.percentage_discount = 0, 
      cscart_product_prices.price, 
      cscart_product_prices.price - (
        cscart_product_prices.price * cscart_product_prices.percentage_discount
      )/ 100
    )
  ) AS price 
FROM 
  cscart_product_prices 
WHERE 
  cscart_product_prices.product_id IN (
    10451, 10537, 10540, 10360, 10367, 10374, 
    10377, 10382, 10386, 10389, 10409, 
    10421, 10423, 10456, 10465, 10469, 
    10487, 10538, 10543, 10566, 10569, 
    10366, 10375, 10380, 10385, 10391, 
    10408, 10410, 10417, 10419, 10422, 
    10424, 10431, 10458, 10479, 10484, 
    10539, 10541, 10544, 10433
  ) 
  AND cscart_product_prices.lower_limit = 1 
  AND cscart_product_prices.usergroup_id IN (0, 1) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_product_prices.product_id

Query time 0.00154

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "56.01"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "table": {
        "table_name": "cscart_product_prices",
        "access_type": "range",
        "possible_keys": [
          "usergroup",
          "product_id",
          "lower_limit",
          "usergroup_id"
        ],
        "key": "usergroup",
        "used_key_parts": [
          "product_id",
          "usergroup_id",
          "lower_limit"
        ],
        "key_length": "9",
        "rows_examined_per_scan": 80,
        "rows_produced_per_join": 80,
        "filtered": "100.00",
        "index_condition": "((`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_product_prices`.`lower_limit` = 1) and (`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_product_prices`.`product_id` in (10451,10537,10540,10360,10367,10374,10377,10382,10386,10389,10409,10421,10423,10456,10465,10469,10487,10538,10543,10566,10569,10366,10375,10380,10385,10391,10408,10410,10417,10419,10422,10424,10431,10458,10479,10484,10539,10541,10544,10433)) and (`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_product_prices`.`usergroup_id` in (0,1)))",
        "cost_info": {
          "read_cost": "48.01",
          "eval_cost": "8.00",
          "prefix_cost": "56.01",
          "data_read_per_join": "1K"
        },
        "used_columns": [
          "product_id",
          "price",
          "percentage_discount",
          "lower_limit",
          "usergroup_id"
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}