SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids, 
  product_position_source.position AS position 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_products_categories AS product_position_source ON cscart_products_categories.product_id = product_position_source.product_id 
  AND product_position_source.category_id = 494 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    4080, 4678, 4391, 4695, 3993, 4325, 4696, 
    4327, 4329, 4332, 4362, 4331, 4328, 
    4341, 4322, 4365, 4415, 4390, 4326, 
    4383, 4141, 4031, 4386, 4382
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.00136

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "81.91"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "range",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "pt",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 66,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 66,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "index_condition": "(`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (4080,4678,4391,4695,3993,4325,4696,4327,4329,4332,4362,4331,4328,4341,4322,4365,4415,4390,4326,4383,4141,4031,4386,4382))",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "29.11",
              "eval_cost": "6.60",
              "prefix_cost": "35.71",
              "data_read_per_join": "1K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "product_position_source",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id",
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "6",
            "ref": [
              "const",
              "softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4.cscart_products_categories.product_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 66,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "16.50",
              "eval_cost": "6.60",
              "prefix_cost": "58.81",
              "data_read_per_join": "1K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "position"
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4.cscart_products_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 3,
            "filtered": "5.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "16.50",
              "eval_cost": "0.33",
              "prefix_cost": "81.91",
              "data_read_per_join": "10K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "storefront_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}