SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    7809, 7811, 7826, 7827, 7829, 7830, 7838, 
    7839, 7841, 7842, 7863, 7865, 7866, 
    7867, 7871, 7872, 7873, 7875, 7876, 
    7874, 7877, 7883, 7884, 7856, 8209
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.00129

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "26.26"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "range",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "pt",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 25,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 25,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "index_condition": "(`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (7809,7811,7826,7827,7829,7830,7838,7839,7841,7842,7863,7865,7866,7867,7871,7872,7873,7875,7876,7874,7877,7883,7884,7856,8209))",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "15.01",
              "eval_cost": "2.50",
              "prefix_cost": "17.51",
              "data_read_per_join": "400"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4.cscart_products_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 1,
            "filtered": "5.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "6.25",
              "eval_cost": "0.13",
              "prefix_cost": "26.26",
              "data_read_per_join": "3K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "storefront_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id category_ids
7809 450M
7811 450M
7826 450M
7827 450M
7829 450M
7830 450M
7838 450M
7839 450M
7841 450M
7842 450M
7856 450M
7863 450M
7865 450M
7866 450M
7867 450M
7871 344M
7872 344M
7873 344M
7874 344M
7875 344M
7876 344M
7877 344M
7883 347M
7884 347M
8209 450M