SELECT 
  cscart_product_prices.product_id, 
  MIN(
    IF(
      cscart_product_prices.percentage_discount = 0, 
      cscart_product_prices.price, 
      cscart_product_prices.price - (
        cscart_product_prices.price * cscart_product_prices.percentage_discount
      )/ 100
    )
  ) AS price 
FROM 
  cscart_product_prices 
WHERE 
  cscart_product_prices.product_id IN (
    10605, 10607, 10618, 10639, 10652, 10653, 
    10654, 10680, 10685, 10688, 10691, 
    10692, 10693, 10694, 10696, 10699, 
    10990, 11010, 11012, 11039, 11043, 
    11052, 11054, 11060
  ) 
  AND cscart_product_prices.lower_limit = 1 
  AND cscart_product_prices.usergroup_id IN (0, 1) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_product_prices.product_id

Query time 0.00111

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "33.61"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "table": {
        "table_name": "cscart_product_prices",
        "access_type": "range",
        "possible_keys": [
          "usergroup",
          "product_id",
          "lower_limit",
          "usergroup_id"
        ],
        "key": "usergroup",
        "used_key_parts": [
          "product_id",
          "usergroup_id",
          "lower_limit"
        ],
        "key_length": "9",
        "rows_examined_per_scan": 48,
        "rows_produced_per_join": 48,
        "filtered": "100.00",
        "index_condition": "((`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_product_prices`.`lower_limit` = 1) and (`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_product_prices`.`product_id` in (10605,10607,10618,10639,10652,10653,10654,10680,10685,10688,10691,10692,10693,10694,10696,10699,10990,11010,11012,11039,11043,11052,11054,11060)) and (`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_product_prices`.`usergroup_id` in (0,1)))",
        "cost_info": {
          "read_cost": "28.81",
          "eval_cost": "4.80",
          "prefix_cost": "33.61",
          "data_read_per_join": "1K"
        },
        "used_columns": [
          "product_id",
          "price",
          "percentage_discount",
          "lower_limit",
          "usergroup_id"
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}