SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    7602, 8696, 8916, 3862, 4273, 4472, 4597, 
    4658, 5103, 5339, 5350, 5647, 5812, 
    6245, 6456, 6493, 6676, 6713, 10344, 
    11121, 6857, 3854, 3949, 4609
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.00204

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "47.61"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "range",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "pt",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 52,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 52,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "index_condition": "(`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (7602,8696,8916,3862,4273,4472,4597,4658,5103,5339,5350,5647,5812,6245,6456,6493,6676,6713,10344,11121,6857,3854,3949,4609))",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "24.21",
              "eval_cost": "5.20",
              "prefix_cost": "29.41",
              "data_read_per_join": "832"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4.cscart_products_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 2,
            "filtered": "5.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "13.00",
              "eval_cost": "0.26",
              "prefix_cost": "47.61",
              "data_read_per_join": "8K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "storefront_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id category_ids
3854 424,423,166,451M
3862 424,423,166,451M
3949 448,166,423,449M
4273 513,166,516M
4472 513,166,516M
4597 513,166,516M
4609 167,166,355M
4658 497,219M
5103 552,557,555,553,250,372,562,560M
5339 372,552,550M
5350 372,552,550M
5647 522,521,536M
5812 423,166,449M
6245 556,554M
6456 372,595M
6493 572,372,582M
6676 474M
6713 590M
6857 623M
7602 460M
8696 344M
8916 658M
10344 372M
11121 664M