SELECT 
  product_id, 
  group_id 
FROM 
  cscart_product_variation_group_products 
WHERE 
  group_id IN (690, 726, 725, 694)

Query time 0.00045

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "7.76"
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_product_variation_group_products",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": [
        "idx_group_id"
      ],
      "key": "idx_group_id",
      "used_key_parts": [
        "group_id"
      ],
      "key_length": "3",
      "rows_examined_per_scan": 15,
      "rows_produced_per_join": 15,
      "filtered": "100.00",
      "index_condition": "(`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_product_variation_group_products`.`group_id` in (690,726,725,694))",
      "cost_info": {
        "read_cost": "6.26",
        "eval_cost": "1.50",
        "prefix_cost": "7.76",
        "data_read_per_join": "240"
      },
      "used_columns": [
        "product_id",
        "group_id"
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id group_id
6208 690
6209 690
6210 690
6214 694
6216 694
6217 694
6205 725
6527 725
6528 725
6529 725
6530 725
6242 726
6540 726
6541 726
6542 726