SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    2393, 2394, 3464, 3467, 3826, 4101, 4192, 
    4193, 4975, 4974, 4998, 4995, 5900, 
    5899, 5934, 5935
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.00178

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "62.41"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "range",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "pt",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 73,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 73,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "index_condition": "(`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (2393,2394,3464,3467,3826,4101,4192,4193,4975,4974,4998,4995,5900,5899,5934,5935))",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "29.56",
              "eval_cost": "7.30",
              "prefix_cost": "36.86",
              "data_read_per_join": "1K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4.cscart_products_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 3,
            "filtered": "5.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "18.25",
              "eval_cost": "0.37",
              "prefix_cost": "62.41",
              "data_read_per_join": "11K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "storefront_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id category_ids
2393 308,350,386,250,166,382M
2394 386,250,350,308,166,382M
3464 458,250,251M
3467 458,250,251M
3826 250,166,401,351,446M
4101 166,351,401,250,446M
4192 166,350,250,308,386,382M
4193 386,308,250,350,166,382M
4974 372,552,556,553,250,554M
4975 553,556,552,372,250,554M
4995 552,553,554,372,250,556M
4998 250,552,553,554,372,556M
5899 308,250,350,166,386,382M
5900 350,166,250,386,308,382M
5934 250,308,350,423,166,386,382M
5935 423,166,350,386,308,250,382M