SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    5979, 5980, 5981, 5982, 5984, 6221, 5999, 
    5997, 5998, 6000, 6001, 6002, 6003, 
    6004, 6005, 6007, 6008, 6009, 6010, 
    6011, 6012, 6013, 6014, 6015, 6019, 
    6020, 6021, 6022, 6023
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.00162

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "64.86"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "range",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "pt",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 72,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 72,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "index_condition": "(`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (5979,5980,5981,5982,5984,6221,5999,5997,5998,6000,6001,6002,6003,6004,6005,6007,6008,6009,6010,6011,6012,6013,6014,6015,6019,6020,6021,6022,6023))",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "32.46",
              "eval_cost": "7.20",
              "prefix_cost": "39.66",
              "data_read_per_join": "1K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4.cscart_products_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 3,
            "filtered": "5.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "18.00",
              "eval_cost": "0.36",
              "prefix_cost": "64.86",
              "data_read_per_join": "11K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "storefront_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id category_ids
5979 166,329,457M
5980 329,166,457M
5981 166,329,457M
5982 329,166,457M
5984 329,166,457M
5997 166,329,457M
5998 329,166,457M
5999 329,166,457M
6000 329,166,457M
6001 329,166,457M
6002 329,166,457M
6003 166,329,457M
6004 329,166,457M
6005 329,166,457M
6007 329,166,457M
6008 329,166,457M
6009 329,166,457M
6010 329,166,457M
6011 329,166,457M
6012 329,166,457M
6013 329,166,457M
6014 329,166,457M
6015 329,166,457M
6019 329,166,457M
6020 329,166,457M
6021 329,166,457M
6022 329,166,457M
6023 329,166,457M
6221 329,166,457M