SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    5764, 5765, 5766, 5835, 5836, 5844, 5845, 
    5861, 5860, 5914, 5913, 5917, 5916, 
    5763, 6212, 5772, 6213, 5784, 6215, 
    5985, 8264, 5986, 8265, 5971, 8266, 
    8267
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.00171

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "43.31"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "range",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "pt",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 46,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 46,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "index_condition": "(`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (5764,5765,5766,5835,5836,5844,5845,5861,5860,5914,5913,5917,5916,5763,6212,5772,6213,5784,6215,5985,8264,5986,8265,5971,8266,8267))",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "22.61",
              "eval_cost": "4.60",
              "prefix_cost": "27.21",
              "data_read_per_join": "736"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4.cscart_products_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 2,
            "filtered": "5.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "11.50",
              "eval_cost": "0.23",
              "prefix_cost": "43.31",
              "data_read_per_join": "7K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "storefront_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id category_ids
5763 572,372,582M
5764 572,372,582M
5765 572,372,582M
5766 572,372,582M
5772 372,583M
5784 372,583M
5835 372,583M
5836 372,583M
5844 372,583M
5845 372,583M
5860 572,372,582M
5861 372,572,582M
5913 584M
5914 584M
5916 584M
5917 584M
5971 454,190M
5985 454,190M
5986 454,190M
6212 572,372,582M
6213 372,583M
6215 372,583M
8264 454,190M
8265 454,190M
8266 454,190M
8267 454,190M