SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    9076, 9124, 9159, 9350, 9511, 9675, 9787, 
    9816, 9939, 10059, 10350, 10412, 11118, 
    11224, 11298, 11392, 9292, 10488, 5426, 
    6811, 6819, 6822, 6890, 6894
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.00137

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "39.61"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "range",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "pt",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 42,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 42,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "index_condition": "(`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (9076,9124,9159,9350,9511,9675,9787,9816,9939,10059,10350,10412,11118,11224,11298,11392,9292,10488,5426,6811,6819,6822,6890,6894))",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "20.71",
              "eval_cost": "4.20",
              "prefix_cost": "24.91",
              "data_read_per_join": "672"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4.cscart_products_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 2,
            "filtered": "5.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "10.50",
              "eval_cost": "0.21",
              "prefix_cost": "39.61",
              "data_read_per_join": "6K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "storefront_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id category_ids
5426 577,652M
6811 466,574M
6819 476M
6822 536M
6890 628M
6894 628M
9076 622M
9124 622M
9159 622M
9292 642M
9350 642M
9511 646M
9675 577M
9787 662M
9816 622M
9939 622M
10059 340M
10350 474M
10412 554,556M
10488 574M
11118 573M
11224 664M
11298 664M
11392 664M