SELECT 
  c.parent_id, 
  sm.search_phrases, 
  c.category_id 
FROM 
  cscart_categories AS c 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_ab__search_motivation AS sm ON sm.category_id = c.category_id 
  AND sm.lang_code = 'ar' 
WHERE 
  c.id_path LIKE "%166%" 
  AND (
    sm.search_phrases != "NULL" 
    OR c.level = (
      SELECT 
        level 
      FROM 
        cscart_categories 
      WHERE 
        category_id = 166
    )
  ) 
  AND c.company_id = 0 
  AND c.status = "A"

Query time 0.00307

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "38.94"
    },
    "nested_loop": [
      {
        "table": {
          "table_name": "c",
          "access_type": "ALL",
          "rows_examined_per_scan": 347,
          "rows_produced_per_join": 0,
          "filtered": "0.29",
          "cost_info": {
            "read_cost": "37.44",
            "eval_cost": "0.10",
            "prefix_cost": "37.54",
            "data_read_per_join": "3K"
          },
          "used_columns": [
            "category_id",
            "parent_id",
            "id_path",
            "level",
            "company_id",
            "status"
          ],
          "attached_condition": "((`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`c`.`company_id` = 0) and (`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`c`.`id_path` like '%166%') and (`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`c`.`status` = 'A'))"
        }
      },
      {
        "table": {
          "table_name": "sm",
          "access_type": "ref",
          "possible_keys": [
            "PRIMARY"
          ],
          "key": "PRIMARY",
          "used_key_parts": [
            "category_id"
          ],
          "key_length": "3",
          "ref": [
            "softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4.c.category_id"
          ],
          "rows_examined_per_scan": 4,
          "rows_produced_per_join": 3,
          "filtered": "100.00",
          "index_condition": "<if>(is_not_null_compl(sm), (`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`sm`.`lang_code` = 'ar'), true)",
          "cost_info": {
            "read_cost": "1.00",
            "eval_cost": "0.40",
            "prefix_cost": "38.94",
            "data_read_per_join": "127"
          },
          "used_columns": [
            "category_id",
            "lang_code",
            "search_phrases"
          ],
          "attached_condition": "<if>(found_match(sm), ((`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`sm`.`search_phrases` <> 'NULL') or (`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`c`.`level` = (/* select#2 */ select '1' from `softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_categories` where true))), true)",
          "attached_subqueries": [
            {
              "dependent": false,
              "cacheable": true,
              "query_block": {
                "select_id": 2,
                "cost_info": {
                  "query_cost": "1.00"
                },
                "table": {
                  "table_name": "cscart_categories",
                  "access_type": "const",
                  "possible_keys": [
                    "PRIMARY",
                    "p_category_id"
                  ],
                  "key": "PRIMARY",
                  "used_key_parts": [
                    "category_id"
                  ],
                  "key_length": "3",
                  "ref": [
                    "const"
                  ],
                  "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
                  "rows_produced_per_join": 1,
                  "filtered": "100.00",
                  "cost_info": {
                    "read_cost": "0.00",
                    "eval_cost": "0.10",
                    "prefix_cost": "0.00",
                    "data_read_per_join": "3K"
                  },
                  "used_columns": [
                    "category_id",
                    "level"
                  ]
                }
              }
            }
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

Result

parent_id search_phrases category_id
0 166
174 190
350 381
166 167
328 341
359 360
342 362
424 450
350 382
174 337
328 342
359 361
342 363
423 424
424 451
166 234
350 383
543 343
423 425
351 430
424 452
174 486
166 170
166 320
328 359
424 426
543 544
166 174
166 322
328 364
329 399
351 446
329 457
166 328
328 366
423 448
329 347
423 477
166 329
328 438
423 449
328 481
424 492
423 520
166 350
166 351
399 523
399 524
328 543
166 378
328 564
166 423