SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    4117, 4116, 4115, 4130, 4131, 4132, 4249, 
    4212, 4250, 4207, 4253, 4185, 4181, 
    4254, 4269, 4270, 4297, 4298, 4299, 
    4312, 4313, 4314, 4347, 4348, 4349, 
    4350, 4454, 4456, 4457, 4458, 4589, 
    4588, 4587
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.00166

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "72.26"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "range",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "pt",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 80,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 80,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "index_condition": "(`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (4117,4116,4115,4130,4131,4132,4249,4212,4250,4207,4253,4185,4181,4254,4269,4270,4297,4298,4299,4312,4313,4314,4347,4348,4349,4350,4454,4456,4457,4458,4589,4588,4587))",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "36.26",
              "eval_cost": "8.00",
              "prefix_cost": "44.26",
              "data_read_per_join": "1K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4.cscart_products_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 4,
            "filtered": "5.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "20.00",
              "eval_cost": "0.40",
              "prefix_cost": "72.26",
              "data_read_per_join": "12K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "storefront_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id category_ids
4115 513,166,514M
4116 513,166,514M
4117 513,166,514M
4130 513,166,514M
4131 513,166,514M
4132 513,166,514M
4181 166,513,514M
4185 513,166,514M
4207 513,166,514M
4212 513,166,514M
4249 513,166,514M
4250 513,166,514M
4253 513,166,514M
4254 513,166,514M
4269 513,166,514M
4270 513,166,514M
4297 513,166,514M
4298 513,166,514M
4299 513,166,514M
4312 513,166,514M
4313 513,166,514M
4314 166,513,514M
4347 513,166,514M
4348 166,513,514M
4349 166,513,514M
4350 513,166,514M
4454 513,166,514M
4456 166,513,514M
4457 513,166,514M
4458 166,513,514M
4587 513,166,514M
4588 513,166,514M
4589 513,166,514M