SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    6291, 6325, 6328, 6349, 6353, 6393, 6470, 
    6486, 6550, 7034, 7095, 7167, 7382, 
    7385, 7966, 7978, 8191, 9301, 9646, 
    9748, 11167, 11520, 11600, 6258
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.00134

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "40.41"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "range",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "pt",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 43,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 43,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "index_condition": "(`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (6291,6325,6328,6349,6353,6393,6470,6486,6550,7034,7095,7167,7382,7385,7966,7978,8191,9301,9646,9748,11167,11520,11600,6258))",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "21.06",
              "eval_cost": "4.30",
              "prefix_cost": "25.36",
              "data_read_per_join": "688"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4.cscart_products_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 2,
            "filtered": "5.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "10.75",
              "eval_cost": "0.22",
              "prefix_cost": "40.41",
              "data_read_per_join": "6K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "storefront_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id category_ids
6258 537M
6291 459M
6325 602M
6328 602M
6349 602M
6353 602M
6393 539M
6470 474M
6486 476M
6550 578M
7034 620M
7095 630M
7167 630M
7382 652M
7385 652M
7966 622,623,627M
7978 627M
8191 623,622,625M
9301 622M
9646 323M
9748 661M
11167 664M
11520 664M
11600 664M