SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    2088, 2103, 2093, 1770, 2098, 1929, 2121, 
    2122, 2090, 2087, 1843, 2092, 2091, 
    1845, 2089, 2012, 1988, 1769, 1971, 
    2026
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.00159

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "47.41"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "range",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "pt",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 53,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 53,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "index_condition": "(`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (2088,2103,2093,1770,2098,1929,2121,2122,2090,2087,1843,2092,2091,1845,2089,2012,1988,1769,1971,2026))",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "23.56",
              "eval_cost": "5.30",
              "prefix_cost": "28.86",
              "data_read_per_join": "848"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4.cscart_products_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 2,
            "filtered": "5.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "13.25",
              "eval_cost": "0.27",
              "prefix_cost": "47.41",
              "data_read_per_join": "8K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "storefront_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id category_ids
1769 371,250,394M
1770 371,250,394M
1843 371,250,394M
1845 371,250,394M
1929 371,250,394M
1971 371,250,393M
1988 371,250,393M
2012 371,250,393M
2026 371,250,393M
2087 371,250,393M
2088 371,250,397M
2089 371,250,397M
2090 371,250,398M
2091 371,250,398M
2092 371,398,250M
2093 371,250,398,395M
2098 371,250,397,395M
2103 371,250,393,395M
2121 371,250,394,395M
2122 371,394,250,395M