SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    2321, 2734, 2386, 2392, 2648, 2727, 2807, 
    3107, 2612, 3077, 3139, 2926, 3128, 
    2543, 2557, 3074, 3035, 3043, 3122, 
    2429
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.00173

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "48.21"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "range",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "pt",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 54,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 54,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "index_condition": "(`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (2321,2734,2386,2392,2648,2727,2807,3107,2612,3077,3139,2926,3128,2543,2557,3074,3035,3043,3122,2429))",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "23.91",
              "eval_cost": "5.40",
              "prefix_cost": "29.31",
              "data_read_per_join": "864"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4.cscart_products_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 2,
            "filtered": "5.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "13.50",
              "eval_cost": "0.27",
              "prefix_cost": "48.21",
              "data_read_per_join": "8K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "storefront_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`softwarepirmam_hewadelivard_cscart_4`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id category_ids
2321 166,378,379M
2386 166,378,379M
2392 166,378,379M
2429 450,424,423,166M
2543 423,426,166M
2557 329,166,347M
2612 452,424,423,492,166M
2648 424,423,166M
2727 423,424,450,166M
2734 329,166,457M
2807 426,423,166M
2926 423,424,451,166M
3035 423,424,451,166M
3043 423,424,451,166M
3074 423,166,446M
3077 451,424,423,166M
3107 329,166,347M
3122 329,166,347M
3128 423,424,451,166M
3139 329,166,457M